RAD21

Characteristics_on_human_RAD21._

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Figure_2_Cohesin_complex_and_models._

Figure_3_Functional_classification_of_RAD21_interactors.

Figure_4_RAD21_Functions_in_various_cellular_processes._

RAD21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD21 gene. This protein is a crucial component of the cohesin complex, which is essential for sister chromatid cohesion, DNA repair, and gene regulation.

Function

The RAD21 protein plays a significant role in the cohesin complex, which is responsible for holding sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase during mitosis and meiosis. This cohesion is vital for accurate chromosome segregation and the prevention of aneuploidy. RAD21 is also involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through the homologous recombination repair pathway.

Structure

RAD21 is a part of the cohesin complex, which also includes SMC1, SMC3, and SCC3. The cohesin complex forms a ring-like structure that encircles the sister chromatids, ensuring their cohesion.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the RAD21 gene have been associated with various genetic disorders and cancers. For instance, RAD21 mutations can lead to Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by growth delays, intellectual disability, and limb defects. Additionally, RAD21 has been implicated in the progression of certain types of cancer, including breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which RAD21 and the cohesin complex contribute to chromosome dynamics, DNA repair, and gene expression. Studies are also exploring the potential of RAD21 as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.

See Also

• Cohesin
• Sister chromatid cohesion
• DNA repair
• Chromosome segregation
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome
• Breast cancer
• Colorectal cancer