RAI

Rai - Logo 2016

Logo of RAI (1954-1983)

Logo of RAI (1983-1988)

Logo of RAI (1988-2000)

Logo of RAI (2000-2010)

Radioactive Iodine Therapy (RAI) is a medical treatment using radioactive iodine, specifically iodine-131, for conditions affecting the thyroid gland. It is most commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism and certain types of thyroid cancer. RAI works by taking advantage of the thyroid gland's natural ability to uptake iodine, which it uses to produce thyroid hormones. The radioactive iodine, once ingested, is absorbed by the thyroid cells, where it destroys them through beta radiation.

Indications

RAI therapy is indicated for patients with:

• Hyperthyroidism, particularly those with Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder leading to overactivity of the thyroid gland.
• Thyroid cancer, especially after surgical removal of the thyroid gland to destroy any remaining cancerous cells.
• Thyroid nodules that are suspected to be functioning autonomously, beyond the control of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Procedure

The RAI treatment procedure involves a simple oral administration of radioactive iodine in liquid or capsule form. Prior to the treatment, patients may be required to follow a low-iodine diet to enhance the effectiveness of the therapy. The actual dose of radioactive iodine given depends on the condition being treated and the individual's body weight.

After ingestion, the radioactive iodine is absorbed by the bloodstream and specifically targets the thyroid gland. Patients may be advised to maintain a certain distance from others for a few days post-treatment to minimize radiation exposure to others.

Risks and Side Effects

While RAI therapy is generally safe, it comes with potential risks and side effects, including:

• Dry mouth and sialadenitis (inflammation of the salivary glands) due to the uptake of radioactive iodine by salivary glands.
• Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, which is the most common side effect and may require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
• In rare cases, exposure to radioactive iodine can increase the risk of developing other types of cancers.

Follow-up

Post-treatment, patients will undergo regular blood tests to monitor thyroid hormone levels and assess the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Additional imaging tests may also be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, especially in cases of thyroid cancer.

Conclusion

Radioactive Iodine Therapy is a pivotal treatment in the management of various thyroid-related conditions, offering a targeted approach with a high success rate. However, the decision to proceed with RAI therapy should be made after a thorough discussion with a healthcare provider, considering the potential benefits and risks.