Radiation-induced thyroiditis

Radiation-induced thyroiditis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland due to exposure to radiation. This condition is often a side effect of radiation therapy used in the treatment of certain cancers, such as head and neck cancer and lymphoma.

Causes

Radiation-induced thyroiditis is primarily caused by exposure to radiation, particularly from radiation therapy. The thyroid gland is sensitive to radiation, and exposure can lead to inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. This can result in either hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), depending on the extent of the damage.

Symptoms

The symptoms of radiation-induced thyroiditis can vary depending on whether the condition has resulted in hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include:

• Rapid heart rate
• Weight loss
• Increased appetite
• Nervousness or irritability
• Sweating
• Frequent bowel movements

Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include:

• Fatigue
• Weight gain
• Constipation
• Dry skin
• Depression
• Slow heart rate

Diagnosis

Radiation-induced thyroiditis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, patient history, and laboratory tests. The doctor may check for physical signs of thyroid inflammation, such as a swollen thyroid gland. Blood tests can be used to measure levels of thyroid hormones and to assess the function of the thyroid gland.

Treatment

Treatment for radiation-induced thyroiditis typically involves managing the symptoms and restoring normal thyroid function. This may involve medication to regulate thyroid hormone levels, and in some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

See also

• Thyroiditis
• Radiation therapy
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism

Radiation-induced thyroiditis Resources
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