Radiation related neoplasm /cancer

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Radiation-Induced Neoplasm
Synonyms	Radiation-related cancer, Radiation-induced cancer
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Radiation-induced neoplasm or radiation-related cancer refers to cancer that is secondary to or caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. This type of cancer can arise from medical treatments, such as radiation therapy for other cancers, or from environmental or occupational exposure to radiation.

Causes

Radiation-induced neoplasms are primarily caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, which can damage the DNA within cells, potentially leading to mutations that result in cancer. Sources of such radiation include:

• Radiation therapy for cancer treatment
• Exposure to radon gas
• Nuclear accidents (e.g., Chernobyl disaster, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster)
• Occupational exposure in industries such as nuclear power and radiography

Types

Radiation can induce a wide range of cancers, with the type often depending on the area of the body that was exposed. Common types include:

• Thyroid cancer, particularly following exposure in childhood
• Breast cancer
• Leukemia, especially after exposure to high doses of radiation
• Lung cancer, associated with radon exposure
• Skin cancer, from both therapeutic and sun radiation

Symptoms

Symptoms of radiation-induced neoplasms vary widely depending on the type of cancer. They may include:

• Lumps or swelling in the affected area
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Persistent cough or trouble breathing (for lung cancer)
• Changes in skin appearance (for skin cancer)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of radiation-induced neoplasms involves a combination of medical history, including exposure to radiation, physical examinations, and diagnostic tests such as:

• Biopsy
• CT scans
• MRI
• PET scans

Treatment

Treatment options for radiation-induced neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer and may include:

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy, ironically, though with caution regarding further exposure
• Immunotherapy

Prevention

Preventing radiation-induced neoplasms involves minimizing unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation by:

• Using protective measures during medical radiation treatments
• Testing homes for radon and mitigating if necessary
• Adhering to safety protocols in occupations that involve radiation exposure

See also

• Carcinogenesis
• Radiobiology
• Radiation therapy

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