Ransomware

Metropolitan Police ransomware scam

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that threatens to publish the victim's data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid. While some simple ransomware may lock the system without damaging any files, more advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion, in which it encrypts the victim's files, making them inaccessible, and demands a ransom payment to decrypt them.

Overview

Ransomware attacks can be carried out using a Trojan disguised as a legitimate file that the user is tricked into downloading or opening when it arrives as an email attachment. However, not all ransomware attacks require user interaction. Exploiting security holes to infect computers without needing to deceive users is becoming increasingly common.

Once the ransomware has been installed on a computer, it will either lock the computer screen or, in the case of crypto-ransomware, encrypt predetermined files. After the ransomware has performed its payload, it displays a message demanding a ransom to unlock the computer or decrypt the files. The ransom demand often specifies payment in Bitcoin or another form of cryptocurrency to protect the cybercriminals' anonymity.

History

The first known ransomware was the 1989 AIDS Trojan, also known as the PC Cyborg. Since then, the use of ransomware has grown internationally. The mid-2000s saw the rise of more sophisticated ransomware attacks, and by the 2010s, ransomware had become a significant global cybersecurity threat. The WannaCry ransomware attack in 2017, which affected hundreds of thousands of computers across 150 countries, highlighted the scale and impact of ransomware.

Prevention and Mitigation

Preventing ransomware involves a combination of technical measures and user education. Technical defenses include antivirus software, firewalls, data backups, and prompt software updates. Educating users on the dangers of phishing emails and malicious attachments is also crucial.

Once a system is infected, options are limited. Some security firms and governmental agencies have released decryption tools for certain ransomware variants. However, paying the ransom is discouraged as it does not guarantee file recovery and encourages further criminal activity.

Impact

The impact of ransomware can be devastating for both individuals and organizations. Victims may suffer financial loss from the ransom payments, the cost of mitigation efforts, and the loss of critical data. Businesses may also experience significant operational disruptions and damage to their reputation.

Legal Aspects

The creation and distribution of ransomware are illegal in many jurisdictions. Law enforcement agencies around the world are working to combat ransomware by investigating and prosecuting the cybercriminals responsible. International cooperation is often necessary to tackle this global threat.

See Also

• Computer security
• Cybercrime
• Data breach
• Malware

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