Rasmussen subacute encephalitis

Rasmussen's Encephalitis is a rare, chronic inflammatory neurological disease, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and dementia. The disease primarily affects one hemisphere of the brain and is typically seen in children under the age of 10, though it can also occur in adolescents and adults.

Etiology

The exact cause of Rasmussen's Encephalitis is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells in one hemisphere, leading to inflammation and the symptoms associated with the disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Rasmussen's Encephalitis vary from person to person but generally include:

• Severe seizures that are often resistant to medical treatment
• Progressive weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparesis)
• Cognitive decline and memory loss
• Speech impairments
• Behavioral changes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Rasmussen's Encephalitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and sometimes a brain biopsy. The MRI may show atrophy or shrinkage of one hemisphere of the brain, which is a hallmark of the disease.

Treatment

There is no cure for Rasmussen's Encephalitis, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. Treatment options include:

• Antiepileptic drugs to control seizures
• Corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs to reduce inflammation
• Hemispherectomy, a surgical procedure to remove or disconnect the affected hemisphere of the brain, which may be considered in severe cases

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Rasmussen's Encephalitis varies. The disease can lead to severe neurological deficits, but the progression can be slowed with treatment. Early intervention and comprehensive management of symptoms are crucial for improving quality of life.

See Also

• Epilepsy
• Autoimmune diseases
• Neuroinflammation

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