Recombinant protein

Recombinant protein is a protein that is derived from recombinant DNA technology. This process involves the introduction of a specific gene into a host organism's DNA, which then expresses that gene as a protein. Recombinant proteins are widely used in various fields such as biotechnology, medicine, and research.

History

The concept of recombinant protein was first introduced in the 1970s with the advent of genetic engineering. The first recombinant protein produced was insulin, which was approved by the FDA in 1982.

Production

The production of recombinant proteins involves several steps. First, the gene of interest is identified and isolated. This gene is then inserted into a vector, which is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to carry the gene into the host organism. The most commonly used vectors are plasmids. The vector with the inserted gene is then introduced into the host organism, which can be a bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cell. The host organism then expresses the gene, producing the recombinant protein.

Applications

Recombinant proteins have a wide range of applications. In medicine, they are used in the production of vaccines and therapeutic proteins. In research, they are used as enzymes, antibodys, and ligands. In biotechnology, they are used in the production of biofuels and bioplastics.

Challenges

Despite their wide range of applications, the production of recombinant proteins presents several challenges. These include the difficulty in achieving high levels of protein expression, the need for proper protein folding, and the risk of contamination with host proteins.

See also

• Genetic engineering
• Protein expression
• Protein folding
• Therapeutic protein