Rectal intussusception

Rectal intussusception is a medical condition characterized by the folding of one segment of the rectum into another segment. This condition can lead to significant discomfort, rectal pain, and difficulties in bowel movements. Rectal intussusception is considered a form of intestinal intussusception, which is more common in children but can also occur in adults, particularly in the rectal area.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of rectal intussusception is not well understood, but it is believed to be associated with the weakening of the rectal and pelvic floor muscles. Factors that may contribute to the development of this condition include chronic constipation, prolonged straining during bowel movements, childbirth, and previous pelvic surgery. Conditions that increase abdominal pressure, such as chronic cough or heavy lifting, may also be risk factors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of rectal intussusception can vary but often include:

• Difficulty with bowel movements
• A sensation of incomplete evacuation after defecation
• Rectal pain or discomfort
• Rectal bleeding or mucus discharge
• In severe cases, fecal incontinence

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of rectal intussusception typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Tests that may be used include:

• Defecography: An imaging test that evaluates the function of the rectum and anus during defecation.
• Colonoscopy: Allows for visual inspection of the rectal and colon lining.
• Anorectal manometry: Measures the strength of the anal sphincter muscles and the function of the rectum.

Treatment

Treatment options for rectal intussusception vary depending on the severity of the condition and the symptoms presented. Conservative treatments may include:

• Dietary changes to manage constipation
• Pelvic floor physical therapy
• Biofeedback therapy

In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical options can include rectopexy, where the rectum is secured to prevent it from collapsing, or resection, where a portion of the rectum is removed. The choice of surgery depends on individual patient factors and the extent of the condition.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many individuals with rectal intussusception can manage their symptoms effectively. However, the condition may recur, and ongoing management may be necessary. Surgical treatments generally have good outcomes, but as with any surgery, there are risks of complications.

See Also

• Intestinal obstruction
• Pelvic floor dysfunction
• Rectal prolapse

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