Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3

Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is part of the relaxin family peptide receptors. It is primarily involved in the regulation of various physiological processes, including stress response, feeding behavior, and reproductive functions.

Structure

RXFP3 is a member of the class A GPCR family, characterized by seven transmembrane helices. The receptor is activated by its endogenous ligand, relaxin-3, which is a member of the relaxin family of peptides. The binding of relaxin-3 to RXFP3 triggers intracellular signaling pathways that involve the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Function

RXFP3 is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. It plays a crucial role in modulating stress and anxiety responses, as well as influencing feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Additionally, RXFP3 has been implicated in reproductive functions, including the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.

Ligands

The primary endogenous ligand for RXFP3 is relaxin-3. Other related peptides, such as relaxin-2, have a lower affinity for RXFP3. Synthetic ligands and antagonists have been developed to study the receptor's function and potential therapeutic applications.

Clinical Significance

Dysregulation of RXFP3 signaling has been associated with various disorders, including anxiety, depression, and metabolic diseases. As a result, RXFP3 is considered a potential target for the development of new therapeutic agents aimed at treating these conditions.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the detailed mechanisms of RXFP3 signaling and its role in different physiological and pathological processes. Studies are also exploring the development of selective RXFP3 agonists and antagonists for potential clinical use.

Related Pages

• G protein-coupled receptor
• Relaxin
• Central nervous system
• Hypothalamus
• Amygdala
• Hippocampus
• Mitogen-activated protein kinase
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone