Religion in Indonesia

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Religion in Indonesia refers to the diverse religious beliefs and practices that are observed in the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia is known for its religious diversity, with the government officially recognizing six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism.

History

The history of religion in Indonesia is complex and has been influenced by various cultures and civilizations. The archipelago has seen the arrival and spread of Hinduism and Buddhism from the Indian subcontinent, the spread of Islam through trade and missionary activities, and the introduction of Christianity by European colonizers.

Hindu-Buddhist Period

The early history of Indonesia was marked by the influence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms such as the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires. These kingdoms played a significant role in the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism across the archipelago.

Islamic Period

Islam began to spread in Indonesia around the 13th century, primarily through trade and the activities of Muslim missionaries. The religion gradually became dominant, particularly in the western part of the archipelago. The establishment of Islamic sultanates, such as the Sultanate of Demak and the Sultanate of Mataram, further solidified the presence of Islam in Indonesia.

Colonial Period

During the colonial period, European powers, particularly the Dutch East India Company and later the Dutch East Indies, introduced Christianity to Indonesia. The spread of Christianity was most successful in certain regions, such as North Sumatra, North Sulawesi, and parts of Papua.

Religious Demographics

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country, with approximately 87% of its population adhering to Islam. The remaining population practices Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. There are also indigenous religions practiced by various ethnic groups.

Islam

Islam is the predominant religion in Indonesia, with the majority of Muslims adhering to the Sunni branch. The country is home to the largest Muslim population in the world.

Christianity

Christianity is the second-largest religion in Indonesia, with significant numbers of Protestants and Roman Catholics. The religion is particularly prevalent in regions such as North Sumatra, North Sulawesi, and Papua.

Hinduism

Hinduism is primarily practiced in Bali, where it is the dominant religion. The island is known for its unique form of Hinduism, which incorporates local traditions and beliefs.

Buddhism

Buddhism is practiced by a minority of the population, primarily among the ethnic Chinese community. The religion has a long history in Indonesia, dating back to the early centuries of the common era.

Confucianism

Confucianism is also recognized as an official religion in Indonesia, primarily practiced by the ethnic Chinese community. The religion emphasizes moral values and social harmony.

Religious Freedom and Tolerance

The Indonesian constitution guarantees freedom of religion, and the government promotes religious tolerance. However, there have been instances of religious conflict and discrimination, particularly against minority religious groups.

Related Pages

• Islam in Indonesia
• Christianity in Indonesia
• Hinduism in Indonesia
• Buddhism in Indonesia
• Confucianism in Indonesia
• Indigenous religions of Indonesia
• Religious freedom in Indonesia
• History of Indonesia