Roman mythology

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Altar Mars Venus Massimo

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'Mucius Scaevola in the Presence of Lars Porsenna', oil on canvas painting by Matthias Stomer, early 1640s, Art Gallery of New South Wales

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Affreschi romani - polifemo presenza galatea - pompei

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Arte romana, triade capitolina, 160-180 dc (guidonia montecelio, museo civico archeologico) 01

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Roman Mythology is the body of traditional stories pertaining to ancient Rome's legendary origins and religious system, as adopted from their predecessors, the Greeks, and shaped by the historical experiences of the Roman people themselves. Roman mythology forms a significant part of the broader field of Classical mythology and has had a profound influence on the development of Western civilization, culture, art, and literature.

Origins and Development

The origins of Roman mythology can be traced back to the early inhabitants of Rome, influenced heavily by the Etruscan civilization and the Greeks. Over time, Romans adopted Greek deities and myths, albeit with significant modifications, integrating them with their own indigenous beliefs and practices. This syncretism led to a rich tapestry of gods, goddesses, and mythical narratives that were central to Roman religious life.

Major Deities

Roman mythology featured a pantheon of gods and goddesses, each with their own distinct areas of influence. Key figures include:

• Jupiter, the king of the gods, associated with thunder and the sky.
• Juno, the queen of the gods and Jupiter's wife, linked with marriage and childbirth.
• Neptune, the god of the sea.
• Mars, the god of war and the father of Rome's founders, Romulus and Remus.
• Venus, the goddess of love and beauty.
• Minerva, the goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare.

These deities were worshipped at various temples throughout Rome and played a central role in the daily lives and the state rituals of the Roman people.

Mythical Narratives

Roman mythology encompasses a vast array of stories that explain the origins of the world, the foundation of Rome, the adventures of heroes, and the actions of gods among humans. Notable myths include:

• The tale of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, who were said to have been raised by a she-wolf.
• The Aeneid, a Latin epic poem by Virgil, which narrates the journey of Aeneas from Troy to Italy, where he becomes the ancestor of the Romans.
• The story of Lucretia, whose tragic fate led to the overthrow of the Roman monarchy and the establishment of the Roman Republic.

Cultural Impact

Roman mythology has had a lasting impact on Western culture, influencing art, literature, and language. Many Roman myths have been depicted in paintings, sculptures, and literature throughout the centuries. The names of Roman gods and goddesses are used in astronomy to name planets and moons, and their stories continue to be retold in modern media.

Legacy

The legacy of Roman mythology endures in contemporary society, where its influence can be seen in literature, film, and art. It serves as a foundation for the study of Roman history and culture, as well as the broader study of mythology and its role in human society.