Roraima

Boa Vista antiga 1

Povoado de Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Roraima)

Centro cívico de Boa Vista

Brazil Roraima relief map

Roraima Köppen

Rio Branco sul

Roraima is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern part of the country. It is the least populous Brazilian state and the only state in Brazil where the majority of the population lives in a indigenous area. Roraima borders the countries of Venezuela to the north and northwest, Guyana to the east, and the Brazilian states of Pará and Amazonas to the south and west, respectively. Its capital and largest city is Boa Vista.

Geography

Roraima is the northernmost state of Brazil, situated in the Amazon Rainforest. It features a varied landscape that includes tropical rainforests, savannas, and mountains. The state is home to the highest peak in Brazil, Pico da Neblina, which stands at 2,995 meters above sea level. Another significant geographic feature is Mount Roraima, a stunning table-top mountain that has inspired various myths and stories, including Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Lost World".

The climate in Roraima is equatorial, with high temperatures and significant rainfall throughout the year. However, there is a less rainy season from October to March. The state's vast natural resources include gold, diamonds, and other minerals, though the extraction of these resources has led to conflicts with indigenous populations.

Demographics

As of the latest census, Roraima's population is the smallest of any Brazilian state. The demographic makeup is diverse, including a significant proportion of indigenous peoples, who live in several protected territories. These territories cover a large part of the state's area, making Roraima unique in Brazil for its high percentage of land designated for indigenous use.

Economy

The economy of Roraima is based on agriculture, livestock, mining, and tourism. The state has struggled with economic development due to its remote location and the challenges of sustainable development within the Amazon Rainforest. However, tourism, especially eco-tourism and adventure tourism, has been growing, thanks to the state's natural beauty and unique landscapes.

Culture

Roraima's culture is a blend of indigenous traditions and the influences of migrants from other parts of Brazil and the world. The state is known for its indigenous crafts, music, and festivals, which celebrate both indigenous and Brazilian traditions. The Festa Junina, a traditional Brazilian festival, and the indigenous Yanomami festivals are significant cultural events in Roraima.

Government and Politics

Roraima is governed as a federal state of Brazil, with a state government that operates under the Brazilian constitution. The state government is divided into three branches: executive, led by the Governor; legislative, represented by the State Legislative Assembly; and judicial. Roraima has been the site of political and social conflicts, particularly related to land rights and the environment.

Environmental Issues

Roraima faces significant environmental challenges, including deforestation, illegal mining, and conflicts over land use. The state's indigenous territories are under constant threat from illegal miners and loggers, leading to clashes and tensions with indigenous communities. Conservation efforts are ongoing, with several national parks and reserves established to protect the unique ecosystems and biodiversity of the region.