Rothia dentocariosa

Rothia dentocariosa is a species of bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the human mouth and upper respiratory tract. This bacterium is generally considered to be of low virulence but has been associated with various infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. It is a member of the Micrococcaceae family and is characterized by its ability to form yellow colonies on agar plates.

Characteristics

Rothia dentocariosa is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that appears as cocci or short rods under the microscope. It is non-motile and does not form spores. This bacterium is catalase-positive and can grow in a range of temperatures, with optimal growth observed at 37°C, which is the human body temperature.

Clinical Significance

While Rothia dentocariosa is part of the normal oral flora, it can become pathogenic under certain conditions. It has been implicated in a variety of infections including bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and osteomyelitis. These infections are more common in individuals with underlying health conditions such as immunodeficiency, existing heart disease, or those who have undergone invasive medical procedures.

Endocarditis

Rothia dentocariosa has been identified as a rare cause of endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves. This condition is serious and can lead to significant heart damage if not treated promptly. Diagnosis is often made through blood cultures and echocardiography.

Dental and Oral Infections

Given its presence in the oral cavity, Rothia dentocariosa can be involved in dental and oral infections, particularly in individuals with poor oral hygiene or those undergoing dental procedures. It has been associated with dental abscesses and periodontal diseases.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of infections caused by Rothia dentocariosa involves the isolation and identification of the bacterium from clinical specimens such as blood, sputum, or tissue biopsies. Laboratory techniques include culture on selective media, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Molecular methods, such as PCR, can also be used for identification.

Treatment

Treatment of infections caused by Rothia dentocariosa typically involves the use of antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic depends on the susceptibility profile of the isolate, as resistance patterns can vary. In cases of endocarditis, prolonged antibiotic therapy may be required, and surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

Prevention

Preventive measures against infections caused by Rothia dentocariosa include maintaining good oral hygiene and ensuring timely dental care. For individuals at high risk of infection, such as those with immunodeficiency or heart disease, prophylactic antibiotics may be considered before undergoing invasive procedures.

See Also

• Micrococcaceae
• Bacteremia
• Endocarditis
• Pneumonia
• Osteomyelitis

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