Rut

Rut is a period of increased sexual activity and aggression in certain mammals, most notably in deer and other ungulates. During the rut, males engage in competitive behavior to attract and secure mates. This period is marked by significant physiological and behavioral changes.

Characteristics

The rut is typically characterized by:

• Increased levels of testosterone in males.
• Aggressive behavior, including fighting with other males.
• Marking territory with scent.
• Vocalizations to attract females.
• Physical changes such as neck swelling in some species.

Species

The rut is observed in various species, including:

• White-tailed deer
• Elk
• Moose
• Red deer
• Bighorn sheep

Behavior

During the rut, males often engage in displays of strength and dominance. These behaviors can include:

• Antler wrestling in deer.
• Charging and butting heads in sheep.
• Roaring or bugling in elk and red deer.

Physiological Changes

The physiological changes during the rut are driven by hormonal fluctuations, primarily an increase in testosterone. This hormone surge leads to:

• Increased muscle mass.
• Development of secondary sexual characteristics.
• Heightened aggression and territoriality.

Timing

The timing of the rut varies among species and is influenced by environmental factors such as:

• Photoperiod (day length).
• Temperature.
• Availability of food resources.

Related Pages

• Mating season
• Breeding
• Animal behavior
• Hormones
• Territoriality