Saleviricota

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Saleviricota
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Saleviricota
Class:
Order:
Family:	'

Saleviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses within the realm Riboviria, which encompasses viruses with positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes. This phylum is part of the kingdom Orthornavirae, which includes all RNA viruses that replicate via an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Taxonomy

The phylum Saleviricota is divided into several classes, with the primary class being Alsuviricetes. This class includes viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including plants, animals, and fungi. The taxonomy of Saleviricota is based on the genetic and structural characteristics of the viruses, as well as their evolutionary relationships.

Classes

• Alsuviricetes: This class includes several families of viruses, such as the Tombusviridae, which are known to infect plants, and the Nodaviridae, which primarily infect insects and fish.

Characteristics

Viruses in the phylum Saleviricota are characterized by their positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes. These genomes are typically linear and can vary in size. The replication of these viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell, where the viral RNA serves as a template for the synthesis of complementary RNA strands by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Genome Structure

The genome of Saleviricota viruses is usually monopartite, meaning it consists of a single RNA molecule. However, some members may have segmented genomes. The genome encodes for several proteins, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, capsid proteins, and various accessory proteins that assist in the viral life cycle.

Replication Cycle

The replication cycle of Saleviricota viruses begins with the attachment of the virus to the host cell surface, followed by entry into the cell. Once inside, the viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm, where it is translated by the host's ribosomes to produce viral proteins. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase then synthesizes a complementary RNA strand, which serves as a template for the production of new viral genomes. These genomes are packaged into new virions, which are then released from the host cell to infect new cells.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenicity of Saleviricota viruses varies widely depending on the host and the specific virus. Some viruses in this phylum cause significant diseases in plants, leading to economic losses in agriculture. Others may cause mild or asymptomatic infections in animals or humans.

Evolution

The evolution of Saleviricota viruses is driven by their high mutation rates, which result from the lack of proofreading activity in their RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. This leads to a high level of genetic diversity, allowing these viruses to adapt rapidly to new hosts and environmental conditions.

Also see

• Riboviria
• Orthornavirae
• Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
• RNA virus

Virus classification

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Diagram of a virus structure