Sambucus ebulus

Sambucus nigra flori bgiu

SambucusEdulus-Ripe

Sambucus ebulus, commonly known as Dwarf Elder, Danewort, or European Dwarf Elder, is a species of flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae. It is native to a wide range of areas in Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Unlike its relative, the Sambucus nigra or Black Elder, Sambucus ebulus is a herbaceous perennial plant, which means it dies back to the ground each winter and re-sprouts in the spring.

Description

Sambucus ebulus grows to a height of 1–2 meters. It has pinnate leaves with 5–7 leaflets that are ovate to lanceolate in shape, with serrated margins. The plant produces flat-topped clusters of small white flowers in the summer, which are followed by dark purple to black berries in the autumn. The berries are toxic to humans if eaten raw but can be used to make wines and jellies after proper processing to remove toxic compounds.

Habitat and Distribution

Sambucus ebulus prefers nitrogen-rich soils and is commonly found in a variety of habitats including woodlands, hedgerows, and roadside verges. Its native range extends from the British Isles eastwards towards the Caucasus and from Scandinavia and northern Russia south to North Africa.

Uses

Historically, Sambucus ebulus has been used in traditional medicine across its native range for a variety of ailments. The leaves, roots, and berries have been used in the preparation of diuretics, laxatives, and treatments for inflammation and infections. However, due to the toxic nature of its components, especially in the berries and roots, it should be used with caution and under the guidance of a qualified practitioner.

Toxicity

All parts of Sambucus ebulus contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can release cyanide when metabolized. Ingestion of raw berries, leaves, or other parts of the plant can lead to symptoms of cyanide poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and more severe neurological and respiratory complications.

Conservation Status

Currently, Sambucus ebulus does not face any immediate threats and is not listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is considered relatively common and widespread across its native range.

Cultural Significance

In folklore, Sambucus ebulus has been associated with protection against witchcraft and evil spirits. It was often planted near dwellings and in gardens for this purpose. Additionally, the plant has been linked to various myths and legends throughout Europe, including associations with the ancient Danish and Anglo-Saxon cultures.