Sclerosing cholangitis

Sclerosing cholangitis is a long-term progressive disease of the liver and gallbladder characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts which normally allow bile to drain from the gallbladder. Affected individuals may have no symptoms or may experience signs and symptoms of liver disease such as yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes, itching, and abdominal pain.

Signs and symptoms

The disease can cause a range of symptoms, including jaundice, pruritus, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Some people may have no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages of the disease.

Causes

The exact cause of sclerosing cholangitis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response. The disease is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, blood tests, and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Treatment

There is currently no known cure for sclerosing cholangitis, but treatments can help manage symptoms and complications. These may include medications to manage itching and bile flow, and procedures to open blocked bile ducts.

Prognosis

The disease progresses slowly, and it can lead to liver failure, infections, and tumors in the liver. Liver transplantation may be an option for some people with advanced disease.

Epidemiology

Sclerosing cholangitis affects both children and adults. It is more common in men than women, and is often associated with other autoimmune diseases.

See also

• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
• Cholangitis
• Cholestasis

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