Sebaceous adenitis

Sebadenitis

Sebaceous adenitis is a skin disease that affects the sebaceous glands in the skin. It is a rare, idiopathic condition that primarily affects dogs, but can also be seen in cats and rabbits. The disease is characterized by the inflammation and subsequent destruction of the sebaceous glands, leading to a variety of skin issues.

Pathophysiology

The exact cause of sebaceous adenitis is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease. The immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the sebaceous glands, which are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps to keep the skin and hair moisturized. Without sebum, the skin becomes dry, scaly, and prone to secondary infections.

Clinical Signs

The clinical signs of sebaceous adenitis can vary depending on the species and breed affected. Common symptoms include:

• Dry, scaly skin
• Hair loss (alopecia)
• Dandruff (scaling)
• Secondary bacterial or fungal infections
• Itching (pruritus)

In dogs, the condition is often seen in breeds such as the Standard Poodle, Akita, and Samoyed. In cats, it is less common but can occur in any breed.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis is typically made through a combination of clinical signs, skin biopsy, and histopathological examination. A skin biopsy will show inflammation and destruction of the sebaceous glands, which is characteristic of the disease.

Treatment

There is no cure for sebaceous adenitis, but treatment is aimed at managing the symptoms and preventing secondary infections. Treatment options may include:

• Topical therapies such as shampoos and conditioners to moisturize the skin
• Systemic therapies such as antibiotics or antifungal medications for secondary infections
• Immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the immune system's attack on the sebaceous glands

Prognosis

The prognosis for sebaceous adenitis varies. Some animals respond well to treatment and can lead relatively normal lives, while others may have chronic, recurring issues. Early diagnosis and consistent management are key to improving the quality of life for affected animals.

See also

• Autoimmune disease
• Dermatology
• Sebaceous gland
• Alopecia