Coefficient of relationship
(Redirected from Second-degree relative)
Coefficient of relationship
The coefficient of relationship is a measure used in genetics to quantify the degree of genetic relatedness or kinship between two individuals. It is defined as the probability that a randomly selected allele from one individual is identical by descent to a randomly selected allele from another individual. This concept is crucial in the study of population genetics, evolutionary biology, and conservation biology.
Calculation[edit | edit source]
The coefficient of relationship is calculated based on the pedigree of the individuals. It is often denoted by the symbol r. The value of r ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no genetic relationship and 1 indicates that the individuals are genetically identical.
The coefficient of relationship can be calculated using the following formula:
<math> r = \sum (0.5)^n </math>
where n is the number of generations between the individuals through their most recent common ancestor.
Common Relationships[edit | edit source]
Here are some common relationships and their corresponding coefficients of relationship:
- Parent and offspring: 0.5
- Full siblings: 0.5
- Half siblings: 0.25
- Grandparent and grandchild: 0.25
- First cousins: 0.125
Applications[edit | edit source]
The coefficient of relationship is used in various fields:
- In genetic counseling, to assess the risk of inherited disorders.
- In animal breeding, to manage inbreeding and maintain genetic diversity.
- In conservation biology, to design breeding programs for endangered species.
- In evolutionary biology, to study the evolution of social behaviors such as altruism.
Related Concepts[edit | edit source]
- Inbreeding coefficient: A measure of the probability that an individual has two identical alleles for a given gene due to inheritance from common ancestors.
- Kin selection: A form of natural selection that favors the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
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