Sectarianism

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Basawan. Battle of rival ascetics. Akbarnama, ca. 1590, V&A Museum

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Sectarianism refers to the excessive attachment to a particular sect or party, especially in religion, which often leads to prejudice and discrimination against those outside the group. It is a form of bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching relations of inferiority and superiority to differences between subdivisions within a group. Common examples include sectarian conflicts between different denominations of a religion, such as in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, where internal strife and external conflicts have historically been present.

Origins and Development

The origins of sectarianism can often be traced back to doctrinal disputes, differences in religious practice, or political power struggles. In many cases, these disputes have led to the formation of distinct religious or political groups within a larger community, each holding to its own beliefs and practices. Over time, these differences can become deeply ingrained, leading to long-standing divisions and conflicts.

Sectarianism in Religion

In Christianity, sectarianism can be seen in the divisions between denominations such as Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy, each with its own doctrines, practices, and governance. Similarly, in Islam, sectarian differences arise between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, who differ in their beliefs about the rightful successors to the Prophet Muhammad and aspects of religious practice.

Judaism also experiences sectarian divisions, historically between groups like the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes, and in modern times between Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform movements.

Sectarianism in Politics

Political sectarianism refers to situations where religious or sectarian identity is used as a basis for political affiliation and action. This is particularly evident in countries where religious identity aligns with political factions, leading to sectarian violence and discrimination. A notable example is Northern Ireland, where historical tensions between Catholics and Protestants have had significant political and social implications.

Consequences

The consequences of sectarianism are far-reaching, including social division, conflict, and violence. Sectarianism undermines social cohesion, fuels distrust and hostility between communities, and can lead to cycles of retaliation and violence. In extreme cases, it can lead to sectarian cleansing or genocide.

Combating Sectarianism

Efforts to combat sectarianism include promoting interfaith dialogue, education to foster understanding and tolerance, and political solutions that address the underlying causes of division. Building inclusive societies that respect diversity and protect the rights of all citizens is essential in overcoming sectarian divides.

See Also

• Religious intolerance
• Ethnic conflict
• Social cohesion
• Interfaith dialogue

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