Shikharji

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Tirthapata

Akbar's Farman

Shikharji trail map

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Sikharji jalmandir

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Lotus Jain Temple

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Valley parasnath temple (cropped)

Shikharji (Sanskrit: शिखरजी), located on Parasnath Hill, the highest mountain in the state of Jharkhand, India, is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Jainism. It is believed to be the place where twenty of the twenty-four Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers) of the present age attained Moksha or liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Due to its significance in the Jain religion, it is also known as Teerthraj (meaning "The King of Teerthas").

History

The history of Shikharji as a pilgrimage site dates back to ancient times, with references found in various Jain texts. It is considered a sacred place where many Tirthankaras, including Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, and Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara, attained Moksha. The site has been revered by Jains for centuries and continues to attract thousands of pilgrims every year, who undertake the arduous journey to the summit as an act of devotion and penance.

Geography

Shikharji is situated atop Parasnath Hill, which rises to a height of 1,350 meters (4,430 feet) above sea level. The hill is part of the Parasnath Range and is surrounded by dense forests that are rich in flora and fauna, adding to the serene and tranquil atmosphere of the pilgrimage site. The journey to the top involves a trek of approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles), which pilgrims often undertake barefoot, reflecting their dedication and spiritual resolve.

Pilgrimage

The pilgrimage to Shikharji is considered one of the most sacred and arduous in Jainism. Pilgrims, also known as Yatris, follow a specific path known as the "Parikrama," which leads to the summit. Along the way, there are several smaller shrines and temples dedicated to the Tirthankaras who attained Moksha here. The most auspicious time for the pilgrimage is during the months of Kartik and Chaitra according to the Hindu calendar, when special prayers and ceremonies are conducted.

Significance

Shikharji holds immense spiritual significance for Jains. It is believed that visiting this holy site and performing the pilgrimage with devotion leads to the purification of the soul and helps in the attainment of Moksha. The site embodies the core Jain values of non-violence, truth, and asceticism, with pilgrims practicing strict vegetarianism, non-violence, and other forms of self-discipline during their journey.

Conservation Concerns

In recent years, concerns have been raised about the conservation of Shikharji and its surrounding environment. The influx of pilgrims and the development of infrastructure to accommodate them have led to environmental degradation and threats to the local wildlife. Efforts are being made by both government and non-governmental organizations to ensure the sustainable development of the area, balancing the needs of the pilgrims with the imperative to preserve this sacred and ecologically sensitive site.

In Popular Culture

Shikharji has been featured in various literary works and documentaries that explore Jainism and its practices. It continues to fascinate not only followers of Jainism but also those interested in India's religious traditions and spiritual heritage.