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Winterbottom's sign is a medical condition that is characterized by the swelling of the lymph nodes located at the back of the neck. This condition is often associated with African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness.

Overview

Winterbottom's sign is named after Thomas Winterbottom, an English physician who first described the condition in 1803. The sign is a classic symptom of the second stage of African trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by the tsetse fly.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Winterbottom's sign is the swelling of the posterior cervical lymph nodes, which are located at the back of the neck. This swelling is often painless and can be easily felt by a healthcare provider during a physical examination.

Causes

Winterbottom's sign is caused by the infection of the Trypanosoma brucei parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tsetse fly. The parasite travels through the bloodstream and lymphatic system, causing inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes at the back of the neck.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Winterbottom's sign is typically made through a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Additional tests, such as a blood test or a lumbar puncture, may be performed to confirm the presence of the Trypanosoma brucei parasite.

Treatment

Treatment for Winterbottom's sign involves addressing the underlying cause, which is the infection with the Trypanosoma brucei parasite. This typically involves the administration of antiparasitic medications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

See also

• African trypanosomiasis
• Tsetse fly
• Lymphatic system
• Trypanosoma brucei

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