Sikkim

Guru rimpoche at samdruptse

Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975)

Historical Map of Sikkim in northeastern India

Tibet-PHOTO-Satellite--NASA-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) show the high, arid, Tibetan Plateau in Asia. Tibet lies north of the Himalaya Mountains in Nepal---Tibet.A2002343.0445.1km

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Sikkim-1955-U502 NG45 3 4

Kanchenjunga waterfalls, Pelling

Sikkim is a state in northeastern India. It borders Tibet in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Nepal in the west, and the Indian state of West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is the least populous and second smallest among the Indian states. A part of the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim is notable for its biodiversity, including alpine and subtropical climates, as well as being a host to Kangchenjunga, the highest peak in India and third highest on Earth. Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok.

History

Sikkim's history dates back to the 17th century when it was ruled by the Chogyal dynasty. It became a princely state of British India in 1890. After India gained independence in 1947, Sikkim continued to enjoy the protectorate status under the Indian Union. In 1975, a referendum led to the abolition of the monarchy, and Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union on May 16, 1975.

Geography

Sikkim is nestled in the Himalayas and has a varied topography ranging from lowlands to Mount Kangchenjunga, the third highest peak in the world at 8,586 meters above sea level. The state is renowned for its many hot springs that are believed to have medicinal properties.

Economy

The economy of Sikkim is largely dependent on agriculture, tourism, and hydroelectric power. The state has the highest per capita income among the Indian states and is one of the fastest-growing. Organic farming has received a significant boost in Sikkim, making it India's first "organic state" by implementing organic practices across its agricultural sector.

Culture

Sikkim's culture is a rich tapestry of traditions and customs. The predominant religions are Hinduism and Vajrayana Buddhism. The state's festivals, such as Losar, Saga Dawa, and Bhumchu, reflect the rich cultural heritage of Sikkim. The cuisine of Sikkim is influenced by Nepalese, Tibetan, and indigenous styles, featuring dishes such as momo (dumplings) and thukpa (noodle soup).

Government and Politics

Sikkim is a democratic republic with a unicameral legislature. The Governor is the head of the state, appointed by the President of India, while the Chief Minister is the head of the government. Sikkim has its own assembly and sends representatives to both houses of the Indian Parliament.

Education

The state has made significant strides in education, with numerous schools, colleges, and a central university, Sikkim University, established in 2007. It aims to provide quality higher education and research facilities in the region.

Tourism

Tourism is a vital part of Sikkim's economy, with its picturesque landscapes, rich culture, and biodiversity. Major attractions include the Gangtok, Pelling, Lachung, and Yumthang Valley. The state is also known for its adventure tourism activities like trekking, mountaineering, and river rafting.

Environmental Conservation

Sikkim is at the forefront of environmental conservation in India. It has implemented several initiatives to preserve its natural heritage, including banning plastic water bottles and making farming completely organic. The state's efforts towards sustainable development and conservation have been recognized globally.