Sistrurus

Sisistrus miliaris miliaris

Sistrurus catenatus

Sistrurus miliarius miliarius rote Zwergklapperschlange

Sistrurus catetanus tergeminus by LA Dawson

Sistrurus is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in the United States and Mexico. This genus is part of the subfamily Crotalinae, the pit vipers, within the family Viperidae. The members of this genus are commonly referred to as massasaugas and pygmy rattlesnakes. They are characterized by their smaller size, a distinct rattle at the end of their tails, and heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. The genus Sistrurus is distinguished from the larger rattlesnakes of the genus Crotalus by their size, the presence of nine large scales on the crown of their head, and a different arrangement of scales on their body.

Description

Sistrurus species are relatively small compared to other rattlesnakes, with adults usually not exceeding 60-90 cm in length. They have a distinctive pattern that serves as camouflage in their natural habitat, which varies among species but often includes a series of dark bands or blotches along their back. The rattle, which is used as a warning device when threatened, is smaller and produces a higher-pitched sound compared to the rattles of larger species.

Habitat and Distribution

The species within Sistrurus are found across a wide range of habitats, from swamps and marshes to grasslands and forests, reflecting their adaptability to different environments. Their distribution spans from the southern parts of Canada through the eastern and central United States, extending into northern Mexico.

Behavior

Sistrurus species are primarily terrestrial, though some may climb into low vegetation. They are known for their cryptic behavior, often remaining motionless and relying on their camouflage to avoid detection by predators and to ambush prey. Their diet consists mainly of small mammals, birds, and occasionally amphibians and insects. These snakes are most active during the warmer months and typically hibernate in colder climates during the winter.

Reproduction

Members of the genus Sistrurus are ovoviviparous, meaning they give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. The mating season occurs in the spring, and females give birth to a litter of young in late summer or early fall. The number of offspring can vary widely among species and individual snakes.

Conservation Status

Some species and subspecies of Sistrurus are considered to be at risk due to habitat destruction, road mortality, and persecution by humans. Conservation efforts are in place in some areas to protect their habitats and ensure the survival of these unique rattlesnakes.

Species

The genus Sistrurus includes the following species:

• Sistrurus catenatus (Eastern Massasauga)
• Sistrurus miliarius (Carolina Pygmy Rattlesnake)
• Sistrurus tergeminus (Western Massasauga)

See Also

• Viperidae
• Crotalus
• Venomous snakes
• Herpetology