Situs inversus totalis
Situs Inversus Totalis Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are mirrored from their normal positions. This condition is a type of situs inversus, which refers to any condition where the internal organs are on the opposite side of the body from where they are typically located.
Overview[edit | edit source]
In individuals with situs inversus totalis, the heart, liver, stomach, and other organs are located on the opposite side of the body. For example, the heart is on the right side of the chest instead of the left, and the liver is on the left side of the abdomen instead of the right.
Etiology[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of situs inversus totalis is not well understood, but it is believed to be a result of genetic factors. It is often inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that both parents must carry a copy of the mutated gene to pass it on to their child.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Situs inversus totalis is often diagnosed incidentally during imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, which are performed for other reasons. It can also be detected prenatally through ultrasound.
Clinical Implications[edit | edit source]
Most individuals with situs inversus totalis are asymptomatic and lead normal lives. However, the condition can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of other medical issues, as the symptoms may present on the opposite side of the body. For example, appendicitis may cause pain on the left side instead of the right.
Associated Conditions[edit | edit source]
Situs inversus totalis can be associated with other conditions, such as Kartagener syndrome, which is characterized by the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis.
Management[edit | edit source]
There is no specific treatment for situs inversus totalis itself, as it is a benign condition. Management focuses on addressing any associated conditions or complications that may arise.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with situs inversus totalis is generally excellent, as the condition itself does not cause any health problems. However, associated conditions like Kartagener syndrome may require medical attention.
See Also[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
- [Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - Situs Inversus Totalis](https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10702/situs-inversus-totalis)
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Situs inversus totalis is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
