Sleep drug

Sleep Drugs are a category of pharmaceutical drugs designed to aid in the initiation or maintenance of sleep. They are often used in the treatment of various sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome.

Types of Sleep Drugs

There are several types of sleep drugs, each with their own mechanisms of action and potential side effects.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.

Non-Benzodiazepines

Non-benzodiazepines, also known as Z-drugs, are a class of psychoactive drugs that are used in the treatment of insomnia. They include drugs such as zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zaleplon.

Antidepressants

Some antidepressants, such as trazodone, are often used off-label for the treatment of insomnia due to their sedative effects.

Melatonin Receptor Agonists

Melatonin receptor agonists such as ramelteon are used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders. They work by mimicking the effects of melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

Side Effects

Common side effects of sleep drugs can include drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Long-term use can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.

See Also

• Insomnia
• Sleep disorders
• Pharmacology
• Neurotransmitter