Sodium formate

Sodium formate, chemically represented as HCOONa, is a sodium salt derived from formic acid. It is white and crystalline in appearance and is commonly used in several industries due to its physical and chemical properties.

Chemical Properties

Sodium formate is a hygroscopic material, meaning it absorbs moisture from the environment. It is highly soluble in water and moderately soluble in alcohol. It has a melting point of 253 degrees Celsius and decomposes when heated above this temperature.

Production

Sodium formate can be produced through several methods. The most common method is the reaction of sodium hydroxide with formic acid. This reaction yields sodium formate and water. Another method involves the reaction of sodium carbonate with formic acid, which also yields sodium formate and water.

Uses

Sodium formate is used in several industries for a variety of applications. In the leather industry, it is used in the tanning process to improve the water-resistance of leather products. In the oil industry, it is used as a drilling fluid additive due to its ability to prevent the corrosion of drilling equipment. It is also used in the production of formic acid, as a de-icing agent, and in the textile industry to improve the dyeing process.

Safety

While sodium formate is generally considered safe for use in industrial applications, it can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact. Ingestion or inhalation can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory distress. Therefore, proper safety measures should be taken when handling this chemical.

Environmental Impact

Sodium formate is biodegradable and does not accumulate in the environment. However, large quantities can be harmful to aquatic life. Therefore, it should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.