Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma

Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma is a rare skin condition characterized by the presence of a single, painful, firm, red-to-brown papule or nodule. It is a type of leiomyoma, a benign tumor that originates from smooth muscle cells, specifically those found in the arrector pili muscle, a tiny muscle connected to hair follicles in the skin.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of solitary cutaneous leiomyoma is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with genetic factors. Some cases have been linked to Reed's Syndrome, a hereditary condition that also causes multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas.

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Patients with solitary cutaneous leiomyoma typically present with a single, painful, firm, red-to-brown papule or nodule. The pain is often described as a sharp, stabbing sensation that can be triggered by cold, touch, or pressure. The lesion is usually located on the extremities, particularly the lower legs.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of solitary cutaneous leiomyoma is primarily based on clinical examination and histopathological analysis. A biopsy of the lesion is typically performed, which reveals a well-circumscribed, unencapsulated nodule in the dermis composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment options for solitary cutaneous leiomyoma include surgical excision, cryotherapy, and pharmacological therapy. Surgical excision is the most definitive treatment, but recurrence is common. Pharmacological therapy with calcium channel blockers or alpha-adrenergic blockers can help alleviate the pain associated with the condition.