Somatostatin receptors

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Somatostatin Receptors are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by the neuropeptide somatostatin. Somatostatin is a regulatory hormone that inhibits the secretion of several other hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and insulin. The receptors for somatostatin are distributed widely throughout the body, with significant presence in the central nervous system, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract.

Types and Function[edit | edit source]

There are five known subtypes of somatostatin receptors, designated as SST1 through SST5. Each receptor subtype has a distinct tissue distribution and role in physiological processes. These receptors mediate the diverse effects of somatostatin, including inhibition of hormone secretion, suppression of cell proliferation, and modulation of neurotransmission.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Somatostatin receptors are targets for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, particularly in the context of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide, can bind to somatostatin receptors on tumor cells, allowing for imaging and targeted therapy. This approach, known as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), has shown efficacy in managing NETs.

Furthermore, somatostatin analogs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, and gastrointestinal bleeding, by exploiting the inhibitory effects of somatostatin on hormone secretion.

Research Directions[edit | edit source]

Research continues to explore the role of somatostatin and its receptors in disease and health. Understanding the differential expression and function of somatostatin receptor subtypes may lead to the development of more selective therapeutic agents, potentially offering improved efficacy and reduced side effects.

See Also[edit | edit source]


Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD