Spanish law

a type of civil law, often referred to as the spanish civil code, it is the present legal system of spain and is the basis of legal systems in 12 countries mostly in central and south america, but also in southwestern europe, northern and western africa, and southeastern asia. The spanish civil code reflects a complex mixture of customary, Roman, Napoleonic, Local, and modern codified law. The laws of the visigoth invaders of spain in the 5th to 7th centuries had the earliest major influence on spanish legal system development. The christian reconquest of spain in the 11th through 15th centuries witnessed the development of customary law, which combined canon (religious) and roman law. During several centuries of hapsburg and bourbon rule, systematic recompilations of the existing national legal system were attempted, but these often conflicted with local and regional customary civil laws. Legal system development for most of the 19th century concentrated on formulating a national civil law system, which was finally enacted in 1889 as the spanish civil code. Several sections of the code have been revised, the most recent of which are the penal code in 1989 and the judiciary code in 2001. The spanish civil code separates public and private law. Public law includes constitutional law, Administrative law, Criminal law, Process law, financial and tax law, and international public law. Private law includes civil law, Commercial law, labor law, and international private law. United states law - a type of common law, which is the basis of the legal system of the united states and that of its island possessions in the caribbean and the pacific. This legal system has several layers, more possibly than in most other countries, and is due in part to the division between federal and state law. The united states was founded not as one nation but as a union of 13 colonies, each claiming independence from the british crown. The us constitution, implemented in 1789, began shifting power away from the states and toward the federal government, though the states today retain substantial legal authority. Us law draws its authority from four sources: constitutional law, statutory law, administrative regulations, and case law. Constitutional law is based on the us constitution and serves as the supreme federal law. Taken together with those of the state constitutions, these documents outline the general structure of the federal and state governments and provide the rules and limits of power. Us statutory law is legislation enacted by the us congress and is codified in the united states code. The 50 state legislatures have similar authority to enact state statutes. Administrative law is the authority delegated to federal and state executive agencies. Case law, also referred to as common law, covers areas where constitutional or statutory law is lacking. Case law is a collection of judicial decisions, Customs, and general principles that began in england centuries ago, that were adopted in america at the time of the revolution, and that continue to develop today.

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