Squalene monooxygenase

Squalene monooxygenase (also known as squalene epoxidase) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the sterol biosynthesis pathway. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of squalene into 2,3-oxidosqualene (squalene epoxide). Squalene monooxygenase is a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and is considered a potential target for cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Function

Squalene monooxygenase catalyzes the first oxygenation step in sterol biosynthesis and is thought to be one of the rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway. It catalyzes the conversion of squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene and requires NADPH and oxygen as substrates.

Structure

The enzyme is a membrane-bound protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. It contains a flavoprotein domain that binds FAD and a NAD(P)H-binding domain. The enzyme is thought to have a single transmembrane domain near the N-terminus.

Clinical significance

Due to its role in cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene monooxygenase is a target for cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins. Inhibition of this enzyme can lead to a decrease in cholesterol synthesis, which can be beneficial in the treatment of diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

See also

• Squalene
• Sterol
• Cholesterol
• Statins