St Scholastica Day riot

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St Scholastica Day riot

St Scholastica Day riot refers to a violent confrontation that occurred in Oxford, England, on 10 February 1355, between the University of Oxford students and the townspeople. The riot is named after Saint Scholastica, whose feast day is celebrated on 10 February.

Background

The University of Oxford was established in the 12th century and quickly became one of the most prestigious educational institutions in Europe. However, tensions frequently arose between the university students and the local townspeople. These tensions were often exacerbated by the students' perceived arrogance and the townspeople's resentment of the university's privileges and exemptions from local laws.

The Riot

The immediate cause of the St Scholastica Day riot was a dispute in the Swindlestock Tavern between two students and the tavern keeper. The students complained about the quality of the wine, leading to an argument that quickly escalated into violence. The altercation spilled out into the streets, drawing in more students and townspeople.

Over the next two days, the violence intensified, with both sides arming themselves. The townspeople attacked university buildings, and the students retaliated. The conflict resulted in significant casualties, with estimates of up to 63 students and 30 townspeople killed.

Aftermath

In the aftermath of the riot, the King of England, Edward III, intervened. The university was granted additional privileges, and the town was required to pay reparations. An annual penance was imposed on the town, which included a requirement for the mayor and 62 citizens to attend a Mass for the souls of the dead students and to swear an oath of peace.

The penance continued for several centuries, symbolizing the university's dominance over the town. It was not until 1825 that the annual penance was finally abolished.

Legacy

The St Scholastica Day riot is remembered as one of the most significant and violent confrontations between the University of Oxford and the town of Oxford. It highlights the historical tensions between academic institutions and their surrounding communities.

See also

• University of Oxford
• History of Oxford
• Edward III of England
• Saint Scholastica