Stearyl alcohol

Stearyl alcohol, also known as octadecanol or 1-octadecanol, is a fatty alcohol with the chemical formula C₁₈H₃₈O. It is a saturated compound that is found in various natural sources, including coconut oil and palm oil. Stearyl alcohol is a white, waxy solid at room temperature and is practically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether.

Stearyl alcohol is widely used in the cosmetic industry, pharmaceutical industry, and in the production of lubricants. In cosmetics, it acts as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in formulations of lotions, creams, hair conditioners, and sunscreen products. Its emollient properties help to soften and smooth the skin, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products.

In the pharmaceutical field, stearyl alcohol is used as an excipient, serving as a base for ointments, as a thickening agent, and to help stabilize formulations. It is also employed in the manufacture of tablets as a lubricant to prevent the active ingredients from sticking to the equipment during the tablet compression process.

Furthermore, stearyl alcohol finds application in the production of lubricants, where it is valued for its ability to reduce friction and wear on metal surfaces. It is also used in the manufacture of candles, plastics, and detergents, showcasing its versatility across various industries.

The production of stearyl alcohol typically involves the hydrogenation of stearic acid, which is derived from fats and oils. This process converts the carboxylic acid group of stearic acid into an alcohol group, resulting in stearyl alcohol.

Despite its widespread use, stearyl alcohol is considered to be relatively safe for most consumers. However, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation from products containing stearyl alcohol, especially those with sensitive skin. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient.