Stevens-johnson syndrome

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. It's usually a reaction to a medication or an infection. Often, it begins with flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters, eventually causing the top layer of the skin to die and shed.

Causes

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is typically caused by a hypersensitive reaction to a medication or an infection. Some of the most common medications known to trigger SJS include antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and anticonvulsants. Infections that can cause SJS include herpes simplex virus and HIV.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome are often flu-like, including fever, sore throat, and fatigue. This is followed by a red or purplish rash that spreads across the body, eventually forming blisters. The skin then begins to die and peel off. Other symptoms can include mouth sores, fatigue, cough, and burning eyes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is typically based on the presence of characteristic symptoms and a recent history of medication use or infection. Skin biopsy may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome primarily involves discontinuing the offending medication, if known, and providing supportive care. This can include pain management, wound care for affected skin, and treatment of any secondary infections. In severe cases, treatment in an intensive care unit or a burn unit may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome can vary widely depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people can recover from SJS, but it may take weeks to months for the skin to heal completely. In severe cases, SJS can be life-threatening.

See also

• Toxic epidermal necrolysis
• Erythema multiforme