Stone pine

Stone Pine

The Stone Pine (Pinus pinea), also known as the Italian Stone Pine, Umbrella Pine and Parasol Pine, is a tree from the Pinaceae family that is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a species of pine that is widely cultivated for its pine nuts, which are commonly used in cooking and baking.

Description

The Stone Pine is a coniferous evergreen tree that can grow up to 20-35 m in height. The bark is thick, scaly, and deeply fissured. The leaves, or needles, are in pairs, very slender, and 10-20 cm long. The cones are broad, ovoid, 8-15 cm long, and take two to three years to mature. The seeds, or pine nuts, are large, 2 cm long, and edible.

Distribution and Habitat

The Stone Pine is native to the Mediterranean region, stretching from Portugal and Spain in the west to Turkey and Lebanon in the east. It is also found in North Africa, in countries such as Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The tree is adapted to a Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

Cultivation and Uses

The Stone Pine has been widely cultivated for its edible pine nuts since prehistoric times. The nuts are a staple food in the Mediterranean diet and are used in a variety of dishes, including pesto, salads, and baked goods. The tree is also grown for ornamental purposes, particularly in coastal areas and in cities for its aesthetic appeal and shade.

Conservation Status

The Stone Pine is not currently considered to be at risk of extinction. However, like many tree species, it faces threats from habitat loss, climate change, and pests and diseases.

See Also

• Pine
• Pine nuts
• Mediterranean region

External Links

• IUCN Red List - Stone Pine
• Gymnosperm Database - Stone Pine