Stratum germinativum

Stratum germinativum (also known as the basal layer or basale stratum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals.

The stratum germinativum is a continuous layer of cells. It is often described as one cell layer thick, but can be two or three cells deep in glabrous (hairless) skin, such as that found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. This layer is responsible for the regeneration of the epidermis.

Structure

The stratum germinativum is primarily made up of basal cells, a type of cell considered to be "stem cells" because of their ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types. These cells divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially. Other types of cells found within the stratum germinativum are Merkel cells, involved in touch sensation, and melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin.

Function

The primary function of the stratum germinativum is to generate new cells. This is where the process of skin cell renewal begins, which is essential for replacing the cells that are constantly being sloughed off from the surface.

The stratum germinativum also plays a role in the production of vitamin D, which is essential for a number of bodily functions, including calcium absorption.

Clinical significance

Damage or disease affecting the stratum germinativum can lead to serious skin conditions. For example, basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, originates in the basal cells of the stratum germinativum.

See also

• Epidermis (skin)
• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum

References

Stratum germinativum Resources
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