Streptoduocin

Streptozocin (also known as Streptozotocin or STZ) is a naturally occurring alkylating antineoplastic agent that is particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in mammals. It is used in medicine for treating certain types of pancreatic cancer and is also used in research to produce an animal model for hyperglycemia in a large dose, as well as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes with multiple low doses.

History

Streptozocin was first isolated in the early 1950s from Streptomyces achromogenes, an organism also known for producing several other useful compounds. The compound was noted for its potent antibiotic properties, particularly against gram-positive bacteria, and was subsequently found to be effective in treating pancreatic cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Streptozocin is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound. It enters cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2 in the case of pancreatic beta cells), and causes alkylation of DNA. DNA damage induces activation of poly ADP-ribosylation, leading to depletion of cellular NAD+ and ATP, resulting in cell death.

Medical Use

Streptozocin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in medicine, specifically for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic islet cell tumors. It is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin.

Side Effects

Like many chemotherapeutic agents, streptozocin can have severe side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, liver damage, and a decrease in bone marrow function.

Research Use

In addition to its medical uses, streptozocin is also used in research. It is often used to induce type 1 or type 2 diabetes in lab animals for the study of these diseases.

See Also

• Chemotherapy
• Pancreatic cancer
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes