Strongylida

Gravid adult female Nippostrongylus brasiliensis - image.pntd.v07.i08.g001

Parasite140080-fig3 Gastrointestinal parasites in seven primates of the Taï National Park - Helminths Figure 3l

Strongylida is an order of parasitic nematodes (roundworms) that primarily infect the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. These parasites are of significant veterinary and medical importance due to their impact on the health of domestic animals and humans.

Taxonomy

The order Strongylida is divided into several families, including:

• Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
• Strongylidae (strongyles)
• Trichostrongylidae (trichostrongyles)
• Metastrongylidae (lungworms)

Morphology

Strongylida nematodes are characterized by their cylindrical, elongated bodies. They possess a well-developed buccal capsule, which is often armed with cutting plates or teeth, aiding in their attachment to the host's intestinal wall. The size of these nematodes can vary significantly, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in length.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Strongylida typically involves both free-living and parasitic stages. The general life cycle includes: 1. Eggs: Laid by adult females in the host's intestine and passed out with the feces. 2. Larvae: Hatch from eggs in the environment and undergo several molts. 3. Infective Stage: The third-stage larvae (L3) are the infective form that can penetrate the host's skin or be ingested. 4. Adult: Develop in the host's gastrointestinal tract, where they mature and reproduce.

Pathogenesis

Strongylida infections can cause a range of clinical symptoms depending on the species and the host. Common symptoms include:

• Anemia
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain

In severe cases, infections can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality, particularly in young or immunocompromised hosts.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Strongylida infections typically involves:

• Fecal flotation: To detect eggs in the feces.
• Larval culture: To identify larvae.
• Serological tests: To detect specific antibodies.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of Strongylida infections often involves the use of anthelmintic drugs such as:

• Albendazole
• Mebendazole
• Ivermectin

Control measures include:

• Regular deworming programs for domestic animals.
• Improved sanitation and hygiene practices to reduce environmental contamination.

Related Pages

• Nematode
• Parasitology
• Helminthiasis
• Anthelmintic