Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is a colorless gas with a characteristic, strong odor. It is a toxic gas with a pungent, irritating smell, released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes.

Chemical Properties

Sulfur Dioxide is a bent molecule with polar covalent bonds between one sulfur atom and two oxygen atoms. It is a resonance hybrid of two Lewis structures, where the sulfur atom is in oxidation state +4. It is a reducing agent and can be oxidized to sulfur trioxide, which is involved in the formation of sulfuric acid.

Sources and Production

Sulfur Dioxide is produced naturally by volcanic activity and is also a significant component of fossil fuel combustion and metal extraction and refining processes. In the chemical industry, sulfur dioxide is an important compound used to make sulfuric acid, thionyl chloride, and sulfites.

Environmental Impact

Sulfur Dioxide is a major air pollutant and has significant impacts on human health. In addition, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere can influence the habitat suitability for plant communities, as well as animal life. Sulfur dioxide emissions are a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric particulates.

Health Effects

Exposure to high concentrations of sulfur dioxide can result in burning of the nose and throat, breathing difficulties, and severe airway obstructions. It can also cause eye irritation, coughing, shortness of breath and a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Regulation and Monitoring

In many countries, including the United States, there are federal standards for sulfur dioxide emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 0.5 parts per million (ppm) for sulfur dioxide in the air. In the European Union, the limit is set at 1.0 ppm.

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