Surya

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Suryatanjore

Surya - Kushan Period - Kankali Mound - ACCN 12-269 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5839

8th century Surya on chariot in ceiling at Virupaksha Shaivism temple, Pattadakal Hindu monuments Karnataka 2

Sunrise from Kausani, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Lord Surya

Modhera SunTemple

Surya is a significant deity in Hinduism, revered as the sun god and considered the source of all life and energy in the Hindu cosmology. Surya is depicted as riding a chariot harnessed by seven horses, which represent the seven colors of the rainbow or the seven chakras in the body. He is also believed to be the creator of the material universe and plays a crucial role in maintaining the order and balance of the cosmos.

Etymology

The word "Surya" is derived from the Sanskrit root svar or su, meaning "to shine" or "to radiate". This reflects Surya's role as the source of light and warmth, essential for life on Earth.

Iconography

In Hindu iconography, Surya is typically depicted with two hands, holding a lotus flower in each, symbolizing purity, divinity, and the unfolding of creation. He wears a golden armor and a crown, representing his status as a king among the celestial bodies. The chariot driven by seven horses signifies the control of Surya over time and his ability to move across the sky.

Worship and Rituals

Worship of Surya is ancient, tracing back to the Vedic period. The Aditya Hridayam, a hymn dedicated to Surya from the epic Ramayana, and the Surya Namaskar, a sequence of yoga postures, are among the most well-known practices associated with Surya worship. Surya is also worshipped during the festival of Makar Sankranti, celebrated when the sun moves into the zodiac sign of Capricorn, marking the end of winter and the beginning of longer days.

Mythology

In Hindu mythology, Surya is the son of Kashyapa, a sage, and Aditi, the mother of gods. He is married to Sangya, who is unable to bear his intense radiance and creates a shadow replica of herself named Chhaya to take her place beside Surya. Surya's children include Yama, the god of death, Yami (or Yamuna), the river goddess, Shani, the god of Saturn, and Savitri, a form of the sun god himself.

Influence on Other Cultures

Surya's worship is not limited to Hinduism. He has been a part of Buddhism and Jainism, influencing rituals and iconography. In Buddhism, Surya is considered a protector deity, while in Jainism, he is often depicted in temple iconography, showcasing the religion's appreciation for the sun's life-sustaining properties.

See Also

• Navagraha
• Hindu deities
• Solar deity