Swine vesicular disease

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects swine. It is caused by the Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family. The disease is characterized by the formation of vesicles, or blisters, on the feet and snout of infected pigs.

Etiology

The causative agent of Swine vesicular disease is the Swine vesicular disease virus, a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae. The virus is resistant to a wide range of pH levels and can survive in dried pork products for several months.

Clinical Signs and Diagnosis

Clinical signs of SVD include fever, lameness, and the formation of vesicles on the coronary bands, snout, and inside the mouth. The disease is often confused with Foot-and-mouth disease due to the similarity in clinical signs. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through laboratory testing, including virus isolation, serology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.

Transmission and Epidemiology

SVD is primarily spread through direct contact with infected pigs or contaminated fomites. The virus can also be spread through the consumption of contaminated pork products. SVD has been reported in several countries in Europe and Asia, and is a notifiable disease under the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).

Prevention and Control

Prevention and control measures for SVD include strict biosecurity practices, movement restrictions, and the culling of infected herds. There is currently no effective vaccine for SVD.

Economic Impact

The economic impact of SVD is significant, primarily due to trade restrictions imposed on affected countries. The disease can also cause reduced growth rates and weight loss in infected pigs, leading to decreased productivity.

See Also

• Foot-and-mouth disease
• Swine diseases
• Viral diseases
• Picornaviridae