Synovia

Synovia, also known as synovial fluid, is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white–like consistency, its principal role is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.

Composition

Synovial fluid is made of hyaluronic acid and lubricin, proteinases, and collagenases. Synovial fluid exhibits non-Newtonian flow characteristics; the viscosity coefficient is not a constant, the fluid is not linearly viscous.

Function

The primary function of synovial fluid is to reduce the friction between the articular cartilage during movement of joints. It does this by lubricating the joint, absorbing shocks, and supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.

Clinical significance

Changes in the normal functions or composition of synovial fluid can be an indicator of disease. For example, an increase in the viscosity of synovial fluid can indicate the presence of osteoarthritis. In addition, the presence of non-normal substances in the synovial fluid, such as crystals or excess white blood cells, can indicate the presence of conditions such as gout or infection.

See also

• Joint
• Cartilage
• Osteoarthritis
• Gout

Synovia Resources
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