Syssitia

Syssitia

Syssitia, also known as the common meal, was a significant social institution in ancient Sparta. It was a mandatory meal for all male citizens, where they would gather and dine together. The practice was an integral part of the military state's communal life, fostering unity and equality among the Spartans.

Origins and Purpose

The origins of Syssitia are not entirely clear, but it is believed to have been established by Lycurgus, the legendary lawgiver of Sparta. The primary purpose of Syssitia was to strengthen the bond among the citizens and promote equality. It was also a means of ensuring that all citizens, regardless of their economic status, had access to a basic diet.

Structure and Organization

Syssitia was organized into groups called syssitiai, each consisting of about 15 members. Each member was required to contribute a fixed amount of food and drink to the common meal. The meal was simple and frugal, typically consisting of barley bread, cheese, figs, and wine. The members of a syssition ate and drank together, and it was considered disgraceful to leave anything uneaten.

Role in Spartan Society

Syssitia played a crucial role in Spartan society. It was not just a meal, but a social institution that reinforced the values of equality, fraternity, and discipline. It was a platform for citizens to discuss public affairs and make collective decisions. Moreover, it served as a training ground for young Spartans, who were taught the virtues of moderation and self-control.

Decline and End

The institution of Syssitia began to decline in the late Classical period, as the rigid social structure of Sparta started to break down. The decline was further accelerated by the economic crisis and population decline in the Hellenistic period. By the Roman period, Syssitia had virtually disappeared.

See Also

• Sparta
• Lycurgus
• Ancient Greece
• Hellenistic period
• Roman period

References

• Cartledge, P. (2002). Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History 1300–362 BC. Routledge.
• Kennell, N. (2010). Spartans: A New History. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Plutarch. (1925). Life of Lycurgus. In Bernadotte Perrin (Ed.), Plutarch's Lives. Harvard University Press.

External Links

• Syssitia | Encyclopædia Britannica
• Ancient History Encyclopedia - Sparta