TREM2

Ideogram_human_chromosome_6

TREM2

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TREM2 gene. TREM2 is a cell surface receptor primarily expressed on microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and maintaining brain homeostasis.

Structure

TREM2 is a type I transmembrane protein that consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain of TREM2 contains an immunoglobulin-like domain that is involved in ligand binding and signaling.

Function

TREM2 is involved in various cellular processes, including phagocytosis, cell survival, and inflammation modulation. It interacts with different ligands, such as lipids and proteins, to regulate microglial activation and function. Dysregulation of TREM2 signaling has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the TREM2 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have shown that loss of TREM2 function leads to impaired microglial responses and exacerbates neuroinflammation in the brain.

Research

Research on TREM2 continues to explore its role in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of TREM2 signaling may provide insights into developing novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other related conditions.

See also

• Microglia
• Alzheimer's disease
• Neurodegenerative disease