Tacrine hydrochloride

Tacrine Hydrochloride is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It was the first centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and was marketed under the trade name Cognex.

History

Tacrine was first synthesized by Adrien Albert at the University of Sydney in 1949. It was investigated as a possible treatment for Parkinson's disease, but was found to be ineffective. In the 1980s, it was rediscovered as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Pharmacology

Tacrine acts by inhibiting both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, enzymes that break down acetylcholine in the brain. By inhibiting these enzymes, tacrine increases the amount of acetylcholine available for transmission of nerve signals, thereby improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of tacrine are gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea and vomiting. Other side effects can include muscle cramps, headache, dizziness, and changes in liver function.

Discontinuation

Tacrine was discontinued in 2013 due to the risk of liver damage and the availability of newer drugs with fewer side effects.

See Also

• Alzheimer's disease
• Cholinesterase inhibitor
• Acetylcholine