Tammany Hall

Tammany Hall was a New York City political organization that endured for nearly two centuries. Formed in 1786 in the name of the Saint Tammany, a Native American chief, it played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s.

History

Tammany Hall originated as a social club but quickly evolved into a political machine, controlling Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan after 1854. The organization reached its peak of political influence in the 1860s under the leadership of William M. Tweed, also known as "Boss Tweed".

Structure and Influence

Tammany Hall's influence was derived from its ability to mobilize the vote of the city's immigrant Irish and, later, Italian and Jewish populations. The organization was known for its strong patronage system, which ensured loyalty by rewarding supporters with jobs, services, and other favors.

Decline and Legacy

The power of Tammany Hall began to wane in the early 20th century, as public sentiment turned against the corruption and cronyism associated with the organization. Despite attempts at reform, Tammany Hall was ultimately unable to adapt to the changing political landscape and was dissolved in the 1960s.

Tammany Hall's legacy is complex. While it is often remembered for its corruption, it also played a significant role in the rise of the immigrant classes in New York City politics, and many of its practices, such as the patronage system, continue to influence American politics to this day.

See Also

• Political machine
• Boss Tweed
• Democratic Party (United States)