Tanycyte

Tanycyte is a type of ependymal cell found in the hypothalamus of the brain. These cells are characterized by their long processes that penetrate into the hypothalamic nuclei. Tanycytes are involved in several important physiological processes, including the regulation of energy balance, seasonal rhythms, and reproduction.

Structure

Tanycytes are elongated, radial glial-like cells. They are located in the third ventricle of the hypothalamus, where they form a single layer of cells lining the ventricle. Tanycytes have a unique morphology, with a small cell body and long, thin processes that extend into the hypothalamic parenchyma. These processes are thought to allow tanycytes to communicate with neurons and other cell types in the hypothalamus.

Function

Tanycytes play a crucial role in several physiological processes. They are involved in the regulation of energy balance by sensing changes in nutrient levels in the blood and transmitting this information to neurons in the hypothalamus. Tanycytes also play a role in the regulation of seasonal rhythms, as they are sensitive to changes in day length and can transmit this information to the brain.

In addition, tanycytes are involved in the regulation of reproduction. They are capable of transporting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, where it stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Research

Research on tanycytes has increased in recent years due to their potential role in the regulation of body weight and energy balance. Studies have shown that tanycytes can sense changes in glucose levels and respond by altering the activity of neurons in the hypothalamus. This suggests that tanycytes may play a role in the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure.

See also

• Ependymal cell
• Hypothalamus
• Neuron