Teardrop fracture

Teardrop fracture

A teardrop fracture is a type of vertebral fracture that involves the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebra. It is most commonly associated with flexion injuries of the spine but can also occur due to hyperextension. This type of fracture is considered serious due to its association with spinal cord injury and the potential for resulting neurological deficits.

Causes

Teardrop fractures are typically caused by severe trauma to the spine. The mechanisms of injury can include:

• Automobile accidents
• Falls from a height
• Diving accidents
• Sports injuries

The force of the impact causes the vertebra to compress and fracture, producing a fragment shaped like a teardrop.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a teardrop fracture can vary depending on the severity of the spinal cord involvement but may include:

• Pain in the neck or back
• Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs
• Paralysis in severe cases
• Loss of bladder or bowel control

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a teardrop fracture typically involves:

• Medical history and physical examination
• X-rays of the spine to identify the fracture
• Computed tomography (CT) scan or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detailed imaging

Treatment

Treatment for a teardrop fracture depends on the severity of the injury but may include:

• Cervical collar or halo brace for stabilization
• Surgery to repair the fracture and stabilize the spine
• Physical therapy for rehabilitation

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a teardrop fracture varies. Some may recover with minimal long-term effects, while others may experience significant neurological impairment. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving outcomes.

Prevention

Preventing teardrop fractures involves minimizing the risk of trauma to the spine. Measures can include:

• Wearing seat belts while driving
• Using proper safety equipment when participating in sports
• Avoiding high-risk activities