Techno

The Belleville Three, pioneers of techno music

Techno is a genre of electronic dance music (EDM) that emerged in the mid-to-late 1980s in Detroit, Michigan. The first recorded use of the term "techno" in reference to a specific genre of music was in 1988. Many styles of techno now exist, but Detroit techno is seen as the foundation upon which a number of subgenres have been built.

History

Techno music originated in the United States in the 1980s, specifically in Detroit, Michigan. The genre was developed by a group of African-American artists known as the Belleville Three, consisting of Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson, and Derrick May. These artists were influenced by the electronic music of Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder, and Yellow Magic Orchestra, as well as the funk sounds of Parliament-Funkadelic.

The Belleville Three began experimenting with electronic instruments, such as the Roland TR-808 drum machine and the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, to create a new sound that was distinct from the disco and house music of the time. This new sound was characterized by repetitive beats, synthesized melodies, and a futuristic aesthetic.

The Roland TB-303, a key instrument in the development of techno music

Characteristics

Techno music is typically instrumental and is characterized by a repetitive 4/4 beat, often in the range of 120 to 150 beats per minute. The music is produced using electronic instruments such as synthesizers, drum machines, and sequencers. Techno tracks often feature a "four on the floor" beat, with a bass drum on every beat, and are layered with synthesized melodies and effects.

Subgenres

Techno has evolved into a variety of subgenres, each with its own distinct sound and cultural influences. Some of the most notable subgenres include:

• Detroit techno: The original form of techno, characterized by its soulful and futuristic sound.
• Acid techno: Known for its use of the Roland TB-303 to create squelching basslines.
• Minimal techno: Focuses on simplicity and repetition, often with sparse arrangements.
• Ambient techno: Combines elements of ambient music with techno beats.

Global Influence

Techno music quickly spread from Detroit to other parts of the world, particularly Europe. Cities like Berlin and London became major centers for techno music, with clubs such as Tresor in Berlin and Dorian Gray in Frankfurt becoming iconic venues for the genre.

Dorian Gray, a famous techno club in Frankfurt

Tresor, a legendary techno club in Berlin

Cultural Impact

Techno has had a significant impact on global music culture, influencing a wide range of electronic music genres and the development of the rave scene. The genre's emphasis on technology and futurism has also influenced fashion, art, and design.

Also see

• Electronic dance music
• House music
• Rave
• Minimal techno
• Trance music