Teli

Teli is a caste found primarily in the Indian subcontinent, known traditionally for their occupation as oil pressers and sellers. The Teli community is diverse, with members spread across various regions, and as such, their social status and economic activities vary significantly from one area to another. They are classified under the Other Backward Class (OBC) category in many Indian states, which makes them eligible for certain reservations in education and government jobs as part of India's affirmative action plan.

Origin

The word "Teli" is derived from the Sanskrit word tailika or taili, which means oilman, referring to their traditional occupation of oil pressing. The community has historical roots dating back to ancient times, where they were engaged in the extraction and selling of edible oil from various oilseeds. The Teli community played a crucial role in the rural economy, providing essential oils for cooking and lighting purposes.

Geographical Distribution

Telis are predominantly found in the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal, and Gujarat. Each region's Teli community has adapted to the local culture and economy, leading to significant diversity within the community.

Sub-Castes

The Teli community is divided into several sub-castes, which are region-specific. Some of the notable sub-castes include the Sahu or Sahoo Telis, Rathod Telis, and Ganiga Telis. These sub-divisions often have their own social gatherings and matrimonial alliances, which are distinct from other sub-castes within the Teli community.

Occupation

Traditionally, Telis were engaged in the occupation of oil pressing, a craft that involved extracting oil from oilseeds like mustard, sesame, and groundnut. With the advent of industrialization and modernization, the traditional oil pressing occupation has declined. Many Telis have diversified into other business ventures, including grocery retailing, while some have taken up various professions in the public and private sectors.

Social Status and Affirmative Action

The Teli community's social status varies widely across different regions. They are generally considered part of the Vaishya varna in the traditional Hindu social hierarchy, which places them in the category of traders and merchants. However, their status can differ significantly based on regional perceptions and historical contexts.

In contemporary times, the Teli community has been classified under the Other Backward Class (OBC) category in many Indian states. This classification allows them access to various affirmative action benefits, including reservations in educational institutions and government jobs. The inclusion in the OBC category has been a subject of political and social mobilization within the community, aiming for better representation and opportunities.

Culture and Festivals

The Teli community, like many other communities in India, celebrates a variety of festivals and cultural events. These celebrations often include traditional rituals, food, and music that are specific to their community. Marriages and other social gatherings are significant events where traditional customs are observed, and community bonds are strengthened.

Challenges

Despite the progress and diversification of occupations, the Teli community faces several challenges. These include overcoming stereotypes associated with their traditional occupation and combating social discrimination in certain areas. Economic disparities within the community also pose significant challenges, with a need for enhanced educational and employment opportunities.

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